Change CountryPower Solutions Hybrid Vehicles
Building an Advanced Battery Industry
Johnson Controls, through our joint venture Johnson Controls-Saft, is a leading supplier of hybrid and electric battery systems that make vehicles more energy efficient. In 2009, Johnson Controls received a $299.2 million grant – the largest grant awarded – from the United States Department of Energy under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) to build domestic manufacturing capacity for advanced batteries for electric drive vehicles. The grant will help to build a U.S. advanced battery industry that allows for long-term growth, new jobs, and global leadership in the development and manufacture of today’s hybrids, as well as future technologies like plug-ins and all-electric vehicles.
Also in 2009, we announced that our joint venture Johnson Controls-Saft received incentives adding up to $168.5 million from the State of Michigan for the establishment of a U.S. manufacturing facility for lithium-ion cells and complete hybrid battery systems. We are building this facility in Holland, Michigan, using an existing Johnson Controls Automotive Experience facility. The State of Michigan incentives complement the grant we received from the Department of Energy.
Our planned investment in our first U.S. lithium-ion manufacturing plant illustrates our global leadership in the developing hybrid industry. We will continue to develop relationships around the world and will develop a manufacturing footprint to support our global customers’ needs. We will also continue to make appropriate investments in our existing operations in Milwaukee, Hannover, Nersac and Shanghai.
Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technology
Johnson Controls is continually developing new and innovative technologies that provide automotive manufacturers with the most advanced energy systems available. We are committed to supplying the premium battery systems required to power the hybrid vehicles of today and creating energy storage technology for the electric vehicles of tomorrow.
There are several different types of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) on the road today, including the micro, mild and full hybrid, which are available for purchase now. The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is being developed, but is not yet available to consumers. Here is an overview of the types of hybrid technology on the road or being tested today:
Micro Hybrid
• Provides engine stop-and-start capability, in which the engine shuts down at idle to save fuel.
• 5 percent to 8 percent fuel savings over conventional vehicles.
• The BMW 1 series and the smart fortwo are examples of a micro hybrid available in Europe today.
Mild Hybrid
• Provides engine start-stop functionality; uses the electric motor to assist the gas engine when extra power is needed, allowing for engine and usage optimization.
• 12 percent to 20 percent fuel economy improvement.
• The GM Saturn Vue is an example of a mild hybrid.
Full Hybrid
• Provides the same functions as a mild hybrid, but utilizes a larger battery and motor to allow for better optimization of the gas engine.
• Operates at low speeds on electric power alone which greatly increases fuel efficiency in heavy traffic.
• 25 percent to 40 percent fuel economy improvement.
• The Ford Escape hybrid is an example of a full hybrid.
Plug-in Hybrids
• Essentially performs the same functions as full hybrids, but features more electrical energy storage, allowing the vehicle to operate on electric-only power more often and for longer distances.
• Ability to recharge the battery through a standard 120V electrical outlet.
• 60 percent to 100 percent fuel economy improvement.
• The benefits of PHEVs are still being evaluated as vehicles are developed by automotive companies and suppliers around the world. Johnson Controls-Saft is a partner with Ford Motor Company, the Southern California Edison electric utility, and the Electric Power Research Institute to evaluate PHEV versions of the popular Ford Escape. In 2008 Johnson Controls-Saft also received an $8.2 million contract from The United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), with support from the U.S. Department of Energy, to develop lithium-ion battery systems PHEVs. The two-year contract will continue to validate commercialization of mass market PHEVs. Johnson Conrols-Saft also continues to work with SAIC and Daimler on PHEV demonstration fleets.
Electric Vehicle
• No internal combustion engine.
• Ability to recharge the battery through a standard 120V electric outlet.
• 100 percent fuel economy improvement.
• There are no electric vehicles in production at this time.
Fuel Cells
• No internal combustion engine.
• Full gas hybrid functionality.
• Fuel cell vehicles are not yet generally available to consumers, but the Honda Clarity is available for lease to a very limited customer group in Southern California.
• A popular type of fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell, which is powered by electricity that is created when hydrogen and oxygen are chemically introduced to create water.
