Johnson Controls Reference Designs

Global Reference Design Guides for Gigawatt-scale AI Factories

Designed for the emerging class of AI Factories, our global reference design guides outline how to build high-performance, scalable facilities.

Each blueprint maps the full thermal chain, from capturing heat at the chip level to managing the final atmospheric rejection, enabling flexible, scalable solutions that can achieve industry-leading PUE and WUE.

Reference Guide

Description

Design Guide

401: Air-cooled chiller plant for 1GW AI Factory

Globally repeatable blueprint for cooling AI factories efficiently and sustainably. The outlined approach can enable:

50MW returned to the AI factory through bifurcated loops for air- and liquid- cooling systems
32% improvement in annual energy consumption
Zero water usage that can save over 12 million gallons daily

Download Reference Design Guide 401

402: Water-cooled chiller plant for 1GW AI Factory

Full technical blueprint for a water-cooled chiller plant that can serve a full 1GW AI Factory to deliver the following critical outcomes:

Zero water usage in the cooling process
Future-ready for high-temperature coolant loops
Optimized for high-density AI workloads and energy-efficient performance

Download Reference Design Guide 402

407: Thermally driven absorption chillers with on-site power generation for 1GW AI Factory

Absorption chiller blueprint that outlines how to convert waste heat into productive cooling for an AI factory. This approach helps deliver potential outcomes including:

PUE as low as 1.23 with zero on-site water use and up to 43% lower CO₂ cooling system emissions
Up to 97MW of additional AI capacity unlocked from existing power infrastructure
Up to 44% of reduction in cooling electrical demand

Download Reference Design Guide 407

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Thermal management

Cooling, efficiency and reliability from chip to chiller.

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